How Czech Firefighters Are Exposed to Harmful Chemicals: Insights from the CELSPAC – FIREexpo Study

The CELSPAC – FIREexpo study investigates the exposure of Czech firefighters to hazardous chemicals, particularly perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Firefighters have significantly higher PFAS levels in their blood compared to the general population, with these levels linked to career length and occupational exposure. Training involving burning wooden pallets causes short-term spikes in PAH levels, but these normalize within weeks. Major PFAS sources include firefighting foams, protective equipment, and environmental contamination. Elevated PFAS levels were found in 10.9% of samples, exceeding safe thresholds, which highlights the need for continued monitoring. Age and career length positively correlate with increased PFAS levels, reflecting long-term accumulation. Blood donation appears to lower PFAS levels, suggesting it could be a mitigating factor. While PAH exposure is less persistent due to rapid elimination, it raises immediate health concerns. The study underscores the necessity of systematic monitoring, improved decontamination measures, and prevention strategies. Recommendations include better safety training, enhanced protective gear, and policies aimed at minimizing chemical exposure.